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1852 - Ludwig Karl Heinrich StruckmeierOn November 2, 1852, Ludwig Karl Heinrich Struckmeier was born in house number 27 in the small village of Hüllhorst to Karl Struckmeier and Anna Greimann. Hüllhorst was a farming community located in Kreis Lübbecke (the rural county of Lübbecke), part of the larger Regierungsbezirk Minden (government distirct of Minden) in Provenz Westfalen (the Province of Westfalen) which was a part of Königreich Prueßen (the Kingdom of Prussia). Friedrich Wilhelm IV was the king of Prussia when Ludwig Struckmeier was born, ruling from 1840 to 1861.
Years later, after emigrating to the United States, Ludwig Struckmeier anglicized his name to Louis Struckmeyer. HüllhorstThe town of Hüllhorst lies on a plain below the Wiehengebirge (Wiehen mountains), a low east-west mountain range that stretches from Minden to Osnabrück in Westphalia. The town is about a mile and a half west of the village of Schnathorst and a mile southwest of the village of Holsen. The three towns form an elongated triangle, with Holsen at the northern apex and at a higher elevation. The road between Hüllhorst and Schnathorst, which forms the bottom of this triangle, is called Schnathorster Straße. Of the three small villages, Hüllhorst was the largest in the 1800s. It served as the center for a number of neighboring villages—Grossenberken, Oberbauerschaft, Quarnheim, and Tengern, in addition to Holsen and Schnathorst. Today, Hüllhorst is a part of Kreis Minden-Lübbecke in Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia), the largest Federal State of Germany. Provinz Westfalen, Königreich PrueßenWestfalen (or Westphalia) is a historical region in west-central Germany east of the Rhine River. No exact definition of borders can be given, because the name Westfalen was applied to several different entities in history. It is roughly the region between the rivers Rhine and Weser, located north of the Ruhr River. Westfalen means "the western plain." For more information about the region of Westfalen and its history, see the web page devoted to Ludwig's parents Karl Struckmeier and Anna Greimann. parents and siblingsLudwig (Louis) Struckmeyer was the first of nine children born to Anton Karl Freidrich Struckmeier and Anna Katharina Louise Charlotte Greimann. (See Karl Struckmeyer and Anna Greimann) Anton Karl Freidrich Struckmeier was called Karl throughout his life. He was born and raised in house number 16 in Holsen. In addition to being a farmer, he became skilled as a cabinetmaker. He later taught those woodworking skills to Louis.
Anna’s father Christian Greimann had been born Christian Ludwig Kleine Kottmeier in 1799. On May 14, 1820, he married Anne Marie Louise Greimann. Her family had property, so he took her last name at marriage. This was not unusual at the time. The common term was “marrying the farm.” During the first sixteen years of their marriage, Karl and Anna gave birth to:
Their second child Heinrich Ludwig Gottlieb died on March 11, 1856 just after his first birthday. 1853 - Henriette Eleanora DeteringHenriette Eleanora Detering was born in house #5 in the tiny village of Wimmer, Amt Wittlage, Königreich Hannover (Kingdom of Hannover) on April 26, 1853. She was the daughter of Gerhardt Detering and Clara Lahrmann. In German, the name Henriette is pronounced like "Henrietta" and later census records often spelled her name that way. WimmerWimmer is a very small town just east of the town of Bad Essen in Kreis Osnabrück. Both towns lie northeast of the city of Osnabrück. The parish church for the area was located at Lintorf. Henriette was baptized there on May 1, 1853. Kreis OsnabrückToday, the Kreis (or county of) Osnabrück is part of Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony) in Germany. At the center of the Kreis is the city of Osnabrück, which was founded around 780 by Karl der Große (Charlemagne). Sometime before 803, the city became seat of the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück. which meant that it was ruled by a bishop of the Roman Catholic church. Such principalities were common under Heiliges Römisches Reich (the Holy Roman Empire). In 1803, Osnabrück came under control of the Königreich Hannover (the Kingdom of Hannover), which was then invaded by France. From 1807 to 1810, it was part of the French Kingdom of Westphalia (La Royaume de Westphalie), after which it passed directly to L'Empire des Français (the Empire of the French), more commonly known today as the First French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire. After 1815, Osnabrück again became part of the German Königreich Hannover (the Kingdom of Hannover). Königreich HannoverThe town and region of Hannover is generally spelled Hanover in English. Königreich Hannover (the Kingdom of Hanover) had its origin in Fürstentum Calenberg (the Principality of Calenberg) which was created in 1432. Although it was called a principality, it was ruled by a duke, not a prince, and was a subdivision of the larger Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg (the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg), a state of Heiliges Römisches Reich (the Holy Roman Empire). In 1636, the capital of the Principality of Calenberg was moved from the town of Pattensen to the town Hannover, and soon the principality also became known informally as Fürstentum Hannover. In 1692, the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I, elevated Duke Ernest Augustus, the ruler of the Principality of Calenberg, to the rank of Kurfürst or Elector of the Empire as a reward for military support he had given the emperor. The principality became known as Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg (the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg) or, informally, Kurfürstentum Hannover (the Electorate of Hannover). In 1714, George, the son of Duke Ernest Augustus and his wife Sophia of Hannover, became King George I of Great Britain, establishing the British House of Hanover. Under the Act of Settlement in 1701, the English throne could only be held by a Protestant. Because Queen Anne, the daughter of James II, was dying, Sophia of Hannover, the nearest such relative, was designated as the next heir by a vote of Parliament. But Sophia died shortly before Anne, and her place was taken by her son, George. In 1803, the Electorate of Hannover was occupied by France, which ruled over it in some form or another for the next ten years. From 1807 on, the Hanoverian territory became part of the Kingdom of Westfalen (in French, La Royaume de Westphalie), ruled by Jérôme Bonaparte, Napolean's younger brother. The Hanoverian army was dissolved, but many of the officers and soldiers went to England, where they formed the King's German Legion. In 1813, Kurfürstentum Hannover (the Electorate of Hannover) was restored, and in October of 1814 it was elevated to Königreich Hannover (the Kingdom of Hannover) by the Congress of Vienna, in an attempt to balance the power of other German kingdoms. This was the situation in 1853 when Henriette Eleanora Detering was born in the town of Wimmer. Hannover remained an independent kingdom from 1814 to 1866, when Prussian armies under Bismarck appropriated the territory and its wealth to continue the territorial expansion of Königreich Prueßen (the Kingdom of Prussia). Hannover remained a province of Prussia, Provinz Hannover, from 1866 to 1946. Henriette's early lifeHenriette was the youngest of eleven children born to Gerhardt and Clara Detering in Wimmer.
Henriette’s mother Clara died in 1855 when Henriette was two years old. Henriette’s son Charles Struckmeyer later described her early years in Wimmer:
1862 - 1871 - Prussian wars of dominationIn 1862, Otto von Bismarck became premier of Prussia. Bismarck unified Germany under Prussian leadership by means of three deliberately planned wars over the next decade. In 1864, Prussia and Austria fought Denmark over Schleswig-Holstein. Then Bismarck attacked Austria in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, gaining additional territory. The Deutscher Bund (German Confederation) was dissolved, and the Prussian-dominated Norddeutscher Bund (North German Confederation) took its place. When Louis Struckmeyer was seventeen and Henrietta Detering was sixteen, Germany went to war with France. In the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), the armies of the North German Confederation overwhelmed the French military. In 1871, William I of Prussia was proclaimed emperor of the newly formed Deutsches Reich(German Empire). 1869 - 1871 - Hüllhorst church renovation
1872 - Struckmeier family emigrationWhen Louis was nineteen, the family left Hüllhorst and sailed for America. Why they left is unclear. When Louis turned eighteen in 1871, he was of military age. He had two younger brothers who were 16 and 13 years old. Prussian wars of expansion in 1862, 1864, 1866, and 1870 seemed to set a continuing pattern of militarism in the future. In addition, the opportunities in America for business and farming were great. Karl Struckmeier and his family left Prussia on August 30, 1872 and arrived in New York on September 21st. Joining Karl and Anna and their eight surviving children on the voyage was Anna’s father, Christian Kottmeier Greimann who was 79 years old. His wife Anna Greimann had died eighteen years earlier in 1854 at age 51. Hoyleton, Washington, IllinoisKarl and Anna Struckmeier and their family settled in the small farming town of Hoyleton, in southern Illinois. In the late 1800s the population was about 300. Two Congregational ministers and ten families from New York State had settled Hoyleton 14 years earlier in 1858. It was originally called Yankee Town, but the influx of German settlers soon changed the character of the settlement. One of the leading citizens of the surrounding township was Frederick E. W. Brink who had arrived in the area from Westfalen, Prussia in 1844. Letters back home soon persuaded other immigrants to follow. For more information on Hoyleton, see Karl Struckmeyer and Anna Greimann. 1873 - Henriette Detering's emigrationHenriette's son, Charles Struckmeyer, recounted the circumstances of Henriette's emigration to the United States in September 1873. She was persuaded to leave Germany by her older brother Casper Heinrich Detering, who was twelve years her senior.
1873 - 1879When Karl and Anna Struckmeier arrived in Hoyleton in 1872, they bought land north of the village, built a home, began to farm. Karl and his sons raised wheat, potatoes and tobacco on a quarter section (160 acres) of Illinois prairie. Their daughter Anne Marie Louise Struckmeier died two years later, on October 10, 1874 at the age of eleven. Anna's father, Christian Ludwig Greimann, died on August 29, 1875 at the age of 76. His headstone is one of the oldest in the Zion Evangelical Church Cemetery in Hoyleton.
The letterhead for his company shown above indicates that sometime between 1876 and 1898, Louis began spelling his name "Struckmeyer."
Louis moved from his father's farm and built a home in the village of Hoyleton. His son, Carl (Charles), later wrote that his father owned two acres in town with a garden, fruit trees, a cow and hogs. Two hogs were fattened each year for slaughter. They also raised nearly a hundred bushels of potatoes a year on his grandfather's (Karl Struckmeier's) 160 acre farm. It was a hard life according to Charles and income from the wagon shop was uncertain. But Charles said, "Though we couldn’t have been much poorer at times, I never missed a meal." Louis and Henriette had nine children in Hoyleton. Their first child, a daughter, was born in 1878.
Louis Struckmeyer became a naturalized citizen of the United States on November 1, 1878. Henriette was naturalized in 1879. In 1879, Louis and his father Karl participated in the construction a church for the Evangelische Zions Gemeinde (Evangelical Zion Congregation). The brick-faced wood frame church was constructed at a cost of $8,000. It was modeled after the church in Hüllhorst which Karl Struckmeier had helped remodel a decade earlier. Karl also crafted a baptismal font which is still in use in the sanctuary today. In February 1880, the new church was dedicated. 1880 - 1889The 1880 census spells Louis' last name as "Struckmaear." Louis (27) and Henrietta (26) are listed with their daughter "Annie" (2). Louis's occupation was a wagon maker.
Louis used the blacksmith services of Freidrich Pries in the manufacturing of his buggies and wagons, so perhaps this is another case of misspelling by the enumerator. (The photo at the right shows the Fred Pries blacksmith shop in 1910.) The cousin, Charles Struckmeier, was Carl Heinrich Struckmeier (1863-1898), who was a second-cousin to Louis. Carl was the son of Heinrich Gottlieb Struckmeier and Anna Maria Luise Steinkamp. The common ancestor of these cousins was their great-grandfather Johann Jürgen Struckmeier (1754-1835) who lived in Holsen Nr. 16. Carl Heinrich Struckmeier was born in Holsen in January 1863. He emigrated to the United States in 1880 and so would have arrived just before the census. He later moved to St. Louis and married Bertha Dorothea Koenig. He attended Eden Seminary in Marthasville, Missouri and was ordained in Iowa. He served parishes in St. Louis and San Angelo, Texas. He died in St. Louis from throat cancer at the age of 35 in 1898. During the decade of the 1880s, Louis and Henriette had five more children.
Hoyleton was incorporated as a village in 1881. Louis was elected to serve as a village trustee in 1888 and 1889. In October 1887, Zion Evangelical Congregation in Hoyleton celebrated their 25th anniversary. The church had 96 families and 90 children attended the parochial school. 1890 - 1899No census record is available for 1890 because the Federal Census of 1890 was destroyed by a fire at the Commerce Department in Washington, D.C. on January 10, 1921. The surviving fragments of 1,233 pages list only 6,160 of the 62 million people counted. Louis was elected to serve as a Hoyleton village trustee again in 1896 and 1897. During the decade of the 1890s, three more daughters were born.
The photo above was taken sometime around 1892, most likely at a studio in Centralia, Illinois, which the closest major town to Hoyleton. Henriette and Louis are shown with the first seven of their nine children. From the left in the photo are Clara, Henriette (seated), Johannah (on lap), Marie, Anna, Frederick, Martha, Carl, and Louis Struckmeyer. Daughters Henrietta and Eleanora were still to come. The photos below are hard to date. They were taken at Peter H. Beenck's Double Light Gallery inat 2405 Broadway in North St. Louis between North Market and Benton Streets. A listing of old St. Louis photographers shows that Beenck was at this address between 1876 and 1879, before moving on to a new location in 1880. But the images suggest that the photos were taken sometime in 1891.
From left to right in the top row are Anna, Frederick, and Clara. In the bottom row are Marie, Martha, and Johanna. As Frederick Struckmeyer grew, his father taught him woodworking skills and he assisted his father in the wagon shop. Several years later, around 1894 or 1895, Louis Struckmeyer served on a Federal Grand Jury in Cairo, Illinois. As indicated on the detail of the group photo below, Louis was juror number 13.
In 1898 the family moved from Hoyleton, Illinois to St. Louis, Missouri. The move was stimulated by an economic downturn. The U.S. economy had experienced a depression in 1893 and recovery was slow. Louis’ wagon shop was a victim. Several wagons had been built for purchasers who could no longer afford to pay for them. The nearby city of St. Louis was growing and Louis decided to relocate there to improve his business prospects. He abandoned wagon making and became a general carpenter and later a contractor, building homes in anticipation of an expansion for the coming World's Fair. 1900 - 1909
The June 1900 census lists Louis (46), Henrietta (47) and seven of their nine children: Frederick D. (19), Clara (18), Charles (14), Martha (11), Johannah (9), Henrietta (6), and Eleanore (1). Louis was listed as a "car hanger" (?) and Frederick as a wagon wood worker. I'm not sure if "car hanger" (whatever that is) was his actual occupation or if the enumerator misunderstood the word "carpenter." Missing from the household were the two of the oldest daughters, Anna Catherine (22) and Marie Catherine (16). Anna may have been away from home studying to be nurse, but her name does not show up in the census. Marie may have been an oversight. On October 27, 1901, Louis' father, Karl Struckmeyer died in Hoyleton at age 78. Karl, who suffered from asthma, fell asleep in his rocking chair and never awoke. City directories for 1903 and 1904 show the family living at 2611 Natural Bridge Road in North St. Louis.
Around 1905, Louis Struckmeyer built a home for his family at 4227 Hartford Street just south of Tower Grove Park in South St. Louis, near the intersection of Arsenal Street and Morganford Road. On December 14, 1905, Louis Struckmeyer died in St. Louis. He was 53 years old and he left behind nine children, four under the age of 18: Martha (16), Johannah (14), Henrietta (11) and Eleanore (6). He did not live to see any of his children marry. It was left to his widow, Henriette, to care for the future of the family. On October 25, 1906, Anna Catherine Struckmeyer graduated from the Lutheran Hospital School of Nurse Training in St. Louis. The commencement, held at Concordia Seminary, was reported in The Trained Nurse and Hospital Review of December, 1906.
The General Evangelical Lutheran Hospital and Asylum (later simply known as the Lutheran Hospital), founded in 1858 at the corner of Seventh and Sidney Streets, had established a training school for nurses in 1898. On June 23, 1909, Clara Anna Struckmeyer married Gerhard Wilcke Kelsch in St. Louis. Gerhard was the son of Oscar Kelsch and Anna Wilcke. His sister Sophia Kelsch would marry Charles Struckmeyer three years later. 1910 - 1919On February 8, 1910, Frederick Dietrich Struckmeyer married Ida Martha Fahrni in St. Louis. The 1910 Federal Census gives us an updated picture of the family after the death of Louis. Henrietta Struckmeyer (56) was still living at 4227 Hartford Street in St. Louis where she was now listed as the head of the household. Clara and Fred were married, but seven of her nine children still lived at home with her. Anna (32) was a trained nurse in general practice. Mary [Marie], (26) was a dressmaker at a department store. Charles (23) was a clerk at the Post Office. Martha (20) was a stenographer for a drug (pharmaceutical) house. Hannah (19) was a bookkeeper for a coffin company. Henrietta (16) and Eleanor (11) were still in school and had no occupations. Sometime between 1910 and 1920, Marie Catherine Struckmeyer attended nursing schoolmost likely also at Lutheran Hospital), following in the steps of her elder sister Anna Catherine. In May 1911, Anna Catherine Struckmeyer, now a nurse with the American Red Cross, was one of six Red Cross nurses sent to the base hospital at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. This was during the time of the Mexican Revolution. From 1910 until World War II, Fort Sam Houston was the largest Army post in the continental United States. Anna's assignment was reported in The American Journal of Nursing in July 1911. On April 16, 1912, Charles Struckmeyer married Sophia Louisa Wanda Kelsch in St. Louis. (See Charles Struckmeyer and Sophia Kelsch). Sophia was the sister of Gerhard Wilcke Kelsch whom Clara Struckmeyer had married three years earlier. In January 1913, The Trained Nurse and Hospital Review reported that Anna Catherine Struckmeyer had "taken charge of the hospital at Carbondale, Illinois." I have no information about the exact name or location of the hospital. Gould's St. Louis Red Book for 1914 listed Anna Struckmeyer, a nurse, living at 4229A Hartford Street. This must have been an upper flat next door to 4227 Hartford. In the February 1917 issue of The American Journal of Nursing, Anna Struckmeyer published an article titled "The Duties of a Superintendent as Regards State Registration." It concerned her duties as a superintendent at a school of nursing in Greenville, Mississippi. So far I have only seen a copy of the first page of the article and I have no information about the name of the hospital.
On November 19, 1919, Johannah (Hannah) Struckmeyer married Arthur William Reiter in St. Louis. 1920 - 1929
The census states incorrectly that Henrietta emigrated from Hanover, Germany in 1892 (it was 1873) and became a naturalized citizen in 1899 (it was 1879). Eleanor and Martha Struckmeyer (shown above) were both stenographers. Martha worked for a paint and roofing company, and Eleanor for a typewriter office. Hannah was not employed. Her husband, Arthur, was an accountant at a bank. In 1920, Anna Catherine (42) and Marie Catherine Struckmeyer (36) were living in a rooming house in Greenville, Mississippi. Anna (listed as Annie) was a superintendent at a Greenville hospital. Marie was a nurse there. On June 4, 1923, Anna Catherine Struckmeyer married Conrad Ludwig Schmidt in St. Louis. Anna, who had a career as a Red Cross and Army nurse and as a nursing supervisor in Greenvile, was 45 when she married. Conrad was a widower with two young son, ages 5 and 3.
Their mother was Ada Pearl (maiden name unknown), who was born in Missouri in 1893. Ada and Conrad married sometime around 1915. By 1923, she had died before the age of 30. On June 21, 1923, just over two weeks after Anna and Conrad married, Eleanore Louise Struckmeyer, the youngest child of Louis and Henrietta, married Clarence William J. Koch in St. Louis.
On the day before her death, St. Louis was hit by a tornado that killed 79 people and injured 550. At one o'clock in the afternoon of September 29th, a powerful tornado (F3-scale) struck the central parts of the city. A large number of people were trapped in buildings, including Central High School where 1,500 students were attending classes. The tornado cut a 600-yard by 12-mile long swath through the city, costing between 22-53 million dollars of damage. Marie's death certificate lists the cause of death as pneumonia, but her physician noted that he had treated her for over two years for chronic lethargic encephalitis. This is an inflammation of the brain caused by viruses, bacteria, or the bite of an infected insect. Between 1915 and 1926, this form of encephalitis, also called "sleeping sickness," was epidemic in the United States. Marie apparently contracted the disease in 1925. We don't know if that happened in St. Louis or in Greenville, Mississippi where she had worked as a nurse. Pneumonia is a leading cause of death of people who are chronically ill as Marie apparently was. An article on the sleeping sickness epidemic reports:
1930 - 1937The 1930 Census shows Martha Struckmeyer employed as a bookkeeper for a construction company, which was most likely that of the McCarthy brothers, as indicated below. In 1930, Martha (listed as 38, but actually 40) and her mother Henrietta (76) were living at 6607 Hoffman Avenue, and no longer at 4227 Hartford, the house that Louis had built. Just two doors away, at 6623 Hoffman, lived Arthur (38) and Hannah (38) Reiter and their son Arthur, Junior (6). Arthur was a department manager at a bank. Next door to them, at 6627 Hoffman, lived Clarence (32) and Eleanore (31) Koch and their son Donald (4). Clarence was a secretary at a hardware store.
McCarthy Brothers was founded in Farmington, Missouri in 1907 as the McCarthy Lumber and Construction Company. The business relocated to St. Louis in 1917 and was renamed McCarthy Brothers Construction Company. Today, it is a nation-wide construction firm known as the McCarthy Building Companies. It may be that the loan made by Martha Struckmeyer to them in 1936 during the economic hardships of the Great Depression saved the business which thrives today. Henriette Struckmeyer died on January 5, 1937. She was 83. Her only unmarried daughter Martha remained with her at her death. [Settlement of the estate]
(History to be continued...)
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